The Carniolians speak a dialect of Slovenian, but in some parts, they use a language called Lingua Fulana, or Friulana. People who speak Italian can understand much of it. For example, the Lord’s Prayer in this language begins: “Pari Nejlri cli ees in Cijl fee Santifcaat tuto mm…” This shows how closely related Friulana is to Italian.
The Acer Trees and Musical Instruments
A special type of acer (maple) tree, used for making violins and other musical instruments, grows well in these regions, such as in Carniola and Salzburgland. The wood is also used to make trenchers and tables at a reasonable price. I collected some of the broad, fine leaves from these trees, which were beautiful and healthy City Tours Istanbul.
Journey to Palma Nova
After leaving Goritia, I crossed the River Sontius, also called Lifonzo, which rises in the hills and flows into the Adriatic Sea. Near this river, history records that Odoacer, who made himself King of Italy, was defeated in battle by Theodoric, King of the Goths. Continuing through meadows, I reached the strong and well-fortified city of Palma Nova.
For much of the journey until we reached Palma Nova, we traveled through the Emperor’s dominions. These lands are far larger than many people realize. After visiting most of them, I can confirm that he rules a vast area, including Istria, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, part of Croatia, Friuli, parts of Istria, Tirol, Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia, and parts of Hungary, stretching from Pressburg to Zlathmar, a distance of over 250 miles. The people of these lands are hardy, brave, and strong, which makes the Emperor a great and powerful prince and a bulwark of Christendom against the Turks.
Palma Nova A Fortified City
Palma Nova, in Friuli, is the largest regular fortification I have seen. It has nine bastions, each named after noble Venetians. The bastions are mostly decorative, though they provide some protection. Each curtain wall has two cavaliers, and the ramparts are much higher than the walls. The ditch surrounding the fortress is thirty paces wide and twelve deep. It is kept dry to make the town healthier but can be filled with water when needed, similar to the defenses at Vienna Quick-Silver Storage in the Castle.
The city has three main gates: Porta Maritima, Porta de Cividale, and Porta di Udine. These gates provide access to the town while maintaining security. Overall, Palma Nova is a remarkable example of military architecture, combining strength, healthful planning, and strategic design.
